Abstract: Combined with Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) and observation under the microscope, the Nb2O5 content in the Yanwugou-Qingyangou niobium ore is 0.0903%. The main gangue minerals in the ore are alkaline feldspar and plagioclase, and the main niobium-bearing minerals are aeschynite and niobium aeschynite,secondary is niobium-containing sphene, the contents are 0.08%, 0.02% and 0.34% respectively.The Nb element is mainly stored in aeschynite, followed by niobium-containing sphene and niobium aeschynite, and the proportions are 49.40%, 28.44% and 22.16%, respectively.The Ta element is mainly stored in aeschynite, followed by niobium aeschynite, the distribution ratio is 74.48% and 25.52%.The continuous relationship of minerals is simple, mainly with the gangue mineral alkaline feldspar, but the particle size is very small, and mineral particle size is a difficult sorting level.