Abstract: This is an article in the field of mining engineering. Fly ash is not only a large amount of solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, but also a potential secondary resource. At present, although the resource utilization of fly ash covers a wide range of fields, the high value utilization rate is low. The main chemical components of fly ash are silicon and alumina. Making full use of aluminum and silicon resources is one of the important ways to improve its resource utilization. In this article, the application of fly ash in the extraction of metallurgical grade alumina, preparation of non-metallurgical grade alumina, silica, silica aerogels, silicon-aluminum composites and other high value-added products are reviewed. The existing problems of high value utilization are analyzed and the future development trend is pointed out.