Abstract: This is an article in the field of ecological restoration of mines. The characteristics of soil heavy metals in bauxite mining areas are of great significance for the optimization of land reclamation methods. Taking the soil of Shanxi bauxite reclamation area as the research object, a five-step extraction method was used to extract and measure the characteristics of soil heavy metal content in deep and shallow reclamation areas. The results show that there is a big difference in the content of heavy metals in the soil of the deep and shallow reclamation methods. The deep reclamation area is generally higher than the shallow reclamation area, and the content of heavy metal Zn is 5.93 times than that of the shallow reclamation area, the heavy metal Zn in the deep reclamation area has the most serious pollution to the soil, followed by Ni, the heavy metal content in the shallow reclamation area is obviously lower than its standard value, and does not exceed the minimum limit value specified in the standard. The coefficient of variation of soil Zn in the deep reclamation area is the largest, reaching 62.58%, and the content of heavy metal Zn is greatly affected by the outside world. The RSP value of the heavy metal Pb in the soil of the deep and shallow reclamation areas is the largest, which has the greatest impact on the environment, and the other three heavy metals have no pollution. The content of heavy metals Zn and Pb in the bauxite waste rock decreases with the increase of particle size, which has a significant accumulation and migration to the surrounding soil, and its reclamation has a certain impact on the environment.