Abstract: Andalusite is a natural anhydrous aluminosilicate mineral with high temperature resistance. As an important raw material for preparing high-grade refractory materials and aluminum-silicon alloys, it is widely utilized in building materials, ceramics, aviation and other industries. The andalusite resources in China are widely distributed and abundant, but most of the raw andalusite are within low grade and fine grain distribution, needing obligatory beneficiation. The beneficiation process of andalusite can be divided into coarse-grained beneficiation and fine-grained beneficiation according to its raw distribution size. The processing of coarse-grained andalusite mainly adopts selective grinding-screening or heavy medium beneficiation technology. Fine-grained andalusite is mainly beneficiated through acid flotation as well as high intensity magnetic separation. In this paper, the crystal structure as well as the physical and chemical properties of andalusite were introduced, the present situation of mineral resource distribution and beneficiation technology of andalusite in China were analyzed in detail. The reasonable prospects of the future development of andalusite were also provided.