Abstract: As a strategic non-metallic mineral resource, graphite has incomparable advantages and properties compared with other materials. The unique structure of natural graphite makes it have excellent properties such as conductivity, heat resistance, toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition to being widely used in traditional industrial fields such as refractories, seals, lubrication, and conductive materials, it has also broad prospects in the field of superconductivity, energy, nuclear and other advanced technologies. Both high-purity graphite and functional graphite are very important materials and play an important role in modern industry and science and technology. The extensive application of graphite cannot be separated from the purification and further modification of graphite materials. This review classifies graphite purification methods, analyzes the modification methods of graphite-based carbon materials, and looks forward to the future research of graphite-based carbon, providing methods and ideas for the effective utilization of graphite resources.