Abstract: In this paper, the coal fly ash was used as the main raw material, and the low-cost P-type zeolite adsorbent was synthesized through the hydrothermal process.The coal fly ash and synthetic zeolite were systematically characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The effects of synthetic zeolites obtained at different conditions such as synthesis time, alkali concentration, and temperature on the phosphorus content of simulated phosphorus-containing wastewater was investigated through single-factor static adsorption experiments.The results show that during hydrothermal synthesis, the coal fly ash particles will lose their original form, and P-type zeolite, hydroxy-sodalite or faujasite crystals will be found in the synthesis products. The longer the synthesis time is, the better the crystallinity of the zeolite crystal and the rougher the surface are. The lower the alkali concentration or the synthesis temperature are, the more unfavorable for the synthesis of zeolite adsorbent is. At the conditions of synthesis time of 8 hours, alkali concentration of 1 mol/L, and synthesis temperature of 120 °C, the synthetic zeolite product was treated with an initial concentration of 5 mg/L simulated wastewater, and its removal rate of phosphorus could reached 30.1%.