Influence of Pioneer Phytoremediation-induced Rhizosphere Microdomains on the Morphological Differentiation of Heavy Metals in Lead-Zinc Smelting Slag
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摘要: 为研究金属冶炼废渣堆场内典型先锋草本植物对废渣养分及重金属形态的影响,以开展植被重建5年的铅锌冶炼废渣堆场上先锋草本植物(三叶草,Trifoliumrepens;黑麦草,Loliumperenne)根际微域为研究对象,分析在生态修复过程中两种草本植物根际微域不同粒径废渣(<0.25、0.25~0.5、0.5~1、1~2、2~5、>5 mm)中重金属含量与赋存形态及养分的分异特征。结果表明:废渣内植物养分主要分布在<1 mm的小粒径废渣中;植物根际与非根际废渣中有机质与全氮含量总体上随废渣粒径增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,而有效氮、有效磷含量则随废渣粒径增加呈降低趋势;两种草本植物对废渣养分的改善效果主要表现为三叶草>黑麦草>对照,并表现出明显的根际效应(根际>非根际)。两种植物修复作用显著影响废渣重金属含量及其赋存形态在不同粒径中的分布:(1)三叶草根际废渣Pb、Cu含量显著低于对照,并促使Cd向残渣态转化;(2)黑麦草根际不同粒径废渣Cu、Cd含量发生再分配,在细小粒径(<0.5 mm)废渣中的含量显著降低;(3)两种植物根际废渣酸可溶解态Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的比例明显降低,且比例随废渣粒径增加而上升。综上,三叶草和黑麦草作为废渣堆场生态修复的先锋植物,可为外来优势植物的自然定居创造良好的植生条件,并对细小粒径废渣扩散迁移生态风险的控制具有重要意义。Abstract: In order to study the effect of typical pioneer herb plants in the metal smelting slag dump on the nutrients and heavy metal forms of the slag, the pioneer herb (Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne) rhizosphere microdomains on the lead-zinc smelting slag dump that has carried out vegetation reconstruction for 5 years were used as the research object, analyzing the differentiation characteristics of heavy metal content, occurrence forms and nutrients in two kinds of herbaceous plant rhizosphere micro-domain waste residues with different particle sizes (<0.25, 0.25~0.5, 0.5~1, 1~2, 2~5, >5 mm) during the ecological restoration process. The results showed that the plant nutrients in the waste residue were mainly distributed in the small particle size waste residue <1 mm; the organic matter and total nitrogen content in the plant rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere waste residues generally increased first and then decreased with the increase in the size of the waste residue. The content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased with the increase of the particle size of the waste residue; the improvement effect of the two herbaceous plants on the nutrients of the waste residue was mainly expressed as clover> ryegrass> control, and showed obvious rhizosphere effects (rhizosphere> non rhizosphere). Two phytoremediation effects significantly affect the heavy metal content of waste residues and the distribution of their occurrence forms in different particle sizes: (1) The content of Pb and Cu in clover rhizosphere waste residue was significantly lower than that of the control, and promoted the conversion of Cd to residue; (2) The content of Cu and Cd in ryegrass rhizosphere waste residues with different particle sizes is redistributed, and the content in the fine particle size (<0.5 mm) waste residues is significantly reduced; (3) The ratio of acid soluble Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn of the two plant rhizosphere waste residues decreased significantly, and the ratio increased with the increase of the waste residue particle size. In conclusion, trifoliumrepens and loliumperenn as pioneer plants in ecological rehabilitation of waste slag yards, can create good planting conditions for the natural settlement of dominant plants, and are of great significance to the control of the ecological risk of the diffusion and migration of fine-sized waste slag.
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Key words:
- Lead-zinc smelting slag /
- Pioneer herbs /
- Particle size /
- Nutrient /
- Heavy metal /
- Micro domains in the rhizospher
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表 1 不同类型植物根际微域各粒径养分、酸可溶解态重金属含量间相关性
Table 1. Correlation between nutrient, heavy metal amount and acid soluble state content in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere
OM TN AN TP AP Cu(F1) Pb(F1) Zn(F1) Cd(F1) OM 1 TN 0.863** 1 AN 0.709** 0.909** 1 TP 0.716** 0.848** 0.836** 1 AP 0.477* 0.586** 0.778** 0.774** 1 Cu(F1) -0.662** -0.527** -0.532* -0.642** -0.593** 1 Pb(F1) -0.514** -0.419* -0.484* -0.548** -0.611** 0.880** 1 Zn(F1) -0.443* -0.455* -0.708** -0.526** -0.711** 0.430* 0.335 1 Cd(F1) -0.274 -0.304 -0.244 -0.065 0.137 0.010 0.018 0.045 1 **表示在p<0.01水平(双侧)上极显著相关。*表示在p<0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。 -
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