Abstract: In order to solve the problem of red mud waste discharged in aluminum industry, to improve the reuse rate of waste resources, and to improve the corrosion resistance of asphalt mixture, the "dry modification" method was used to make red mud asphalt mortar and red mud asphalt mixture by using the same amount of red mud to replace the limestone powder in asphalt mixture. The red mud asphalt mortar absorption performance test and red mud asphalt mixture immersion Marshall test, freeze-thaw cycle split test, immersion rutting test were carried out to measure the adhesion performance of different replacement amount of red mud asphalt mortar and the water damage resistance performance of red mud asphalt mixture. The results showed that red mud can effectively improve the adhesion and water damage resistance of asphalt mixture. In addition, through the analysis of the adhesion performance of red mud asphalt mortar and the mechanism of water damage resistance of asphalt mixture, the reason of water damage resistance of red mud asphalt mixture was revealed, and the conclusion that the performance of asphalt mixture is the best when the replacement amount of red mud is 50% was obtained.