Abstract: Coal-burning fly ash is the powdery waste produced after pulverized coal is burned in the boiler of coal-fired power plant. It is one of the largest solid wastes in China. According to the characteristics of fly ash itself, it can be comprehensively utilized in many fields. Coal fly ash contains a certain amount of alumina, silica, carbon residue, magnetic beads and microbeads and other valuable elements and useful components, which can be improved or modified to synthesize high value-added products, which can synthesize molecular sieve, catalyst carrier, ceramic materials, high-performance building materials and composite organic polymer fillers. As adsorption material, catalytic material, high temperature wear-resistant material and wave-absorbing material, it has good utilization value in environmental protection, construction, agriculture and other fields, and has great significance in reducing environmental pollution and improving economic benefits of coal-fired fly ash. It is suggested that according to the characteristics of coal fly ash, further research on the preparation of coal fly ash materials, and strengthen the recovery and utilization of rare elements and other high value-added components in fly ash.